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1.
Rev. bras. educ. méd ; 45(1): e042, 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1155900

ABSTRACT

Abstract: Introduction: Emotional intelligence (EI) and empathy are two essential skills for person-centered Medicine. Objectives: To evaluate the association between EI and empathy and to assess whether sociodemographic factors and year at the medical school influence the level of EI and empathy. Methods: Cross-sectional study carried out in medical students from a private educational institution in the city of São João del-Rei, Minas Gerais, Brazil. EI levels were assessed using the Schutte Self-report Emotional Intelligence Test and empathy levels were assessed using the Jefferson Scale of Empathy (student version). All volunteers signed the Informed Consent Form before inclusion in the study. The statistical analysis used mean values, standard deviation, frequency distribution, Student's t test, Pearson's correlation, and linear regression. A significance level of 0.05 was considered. Results: From August 5 to 30, 2019, 193 volunteers, corresponding to 85.8% of the total population, agreed to participate in the study. The total EI (129.8 ± 13.3) and empathy (121.2 ± 11.6) observed scores were high. EI scores were influenced only by age (padjusted = 0.018). Students attending more advanced semesters had higher total empathy scores (padjusted = 0.013). Students whose parents did not have a higher education degree also had a higher total empathy score (padjusted = 0.031). A moderate positive correlation was observed between the total EI and empathy scores ( ρ =0.304, p<0.001) and between the total empathy score and the EI domain Managing Others' Emotions ( ρ =0.300, p<0.001). A weak positive correlation was also observed between the total EI score and most of the empathy domains. Conclusion: A positive correlation between emotional intelligence and empathy was observed. The age influenced EI and the year of medical school and parental schooling influenced empathy.


Resumo: Introdução: A inteligência emocional (IE) e a empatia são duas habilidades essenciais para a medicina centrada na pessoa. Objetivos: Avaliar a associação entre IE e empatia e verificar se fatores sociodemográficos e o tempo de curso influenciam os seus níveis. Métodos: Trata-se de estudo transversal realizado com estudantes de Medicina de uma instituição privada de ensino da cidade de São João del-Rei, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Os níveis de IE foram avaliados por meio do Teste de Autoavaliação de Inteligência Emocional de Schutte e os níveis de empatia, pela Escala de Empatia de Jefferson (versão para estudante). Todos os voluntários assinaram o Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido antes da inclusão no estudo. A análise estatística utilizou a média, o desvio padrão, a distribuição de frequência, o teste t de Student, a correlação de Pearson e a regressão linear. Foi considerado o nível de significância de 0,05. Resultados: De 5 a 30 de agosto de 2019, 193 voluntários, que correspondiam a 85,8% da população total, concordaram em participar do estudo. Os escores totais observados de IE (129,8 ± 13,3) e empatia (121,2 ± 11,6) foram elevados. O escore total de IE foi influenciado pela idade (pajustado = 0,018). Os alunos de períodos mais avançados apresentaram escore total de empatia mais alto (pajustado = 0,013). Os estudantes cujos pais não possuíam curso superior também apresentaram escore total de empatia mais elevado (pajustado = 0,031). Observou-se correlação positiva moderada entre os escores totais de IE e de empatia ( ρ = 0,304, p < 0,001), e entre o escore total de empatia e o domínio Manejo das Emoções dos Outros de IE (ρ = 0,300, p < 0,001). Observou-se também correlação positiva fraca entre o escore total de IE e a maioria dos domínios de empatia. Conclusão: Observou-se correlação positiva entre IE e empatia. A IE foi influenciada pela idade; e a empatia, pelo período do curso e pela escolaridade dos pais.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Students, Medical/psychology , Empathy , Emotional Intelligence , Socioeconomic Factors , Cross-Sectional Studies
2.
Rev. bras. educ. méd ; 45(1): e033, 2021. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1155903

ABSTRACT

Resumo: Introdução: O Enade é prova cognitiva que avalia o desempenho dos cursos de graduação por meio dos egressos. O Revalida é exame específico para egressos de cursos de Medicina do exterior. Apesar de possuírem atribuições diferentes, as duas avalições são direcionadas a públicos semelhantes, podendo ser consideradas análogas. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivos identificar e comparar os conteúdos avaliados pelo Enade e Revalida. Métodos: Trata-se de estudo descritivo que comparou o conteúdo do Enade 2013 e 2016 e do Revalida 2015 e 2016, com base na Matriz de Correspondência Curricular do Revalida (MCCR). Na primeira etapa do estudo, dois médicos, professores de Medicina, analisaram de forma independente os itens das quatro avaliações e listaram os conteúdos abordados nos enunciados e nas alternativas. Posteriormente, consolidaram-se os resultados. A análise foi realizada por meio da distribuição de frequência de temas e áreas de concentração de acordo com o exame, da comparação entre as áreas de concentração e dos temas coincidentes em cada exame. Resultados: Das 46 áreas de concentração da MCCR, dez não foram abordadas no Enade 2013, seis no ENADE 2016 e duas no Revalida 2015. O Revalida 2016 abordou todas as áreas. Em relação aos 749 temas específicos da MCCR, as duas edições do Enade, em conjunto, abordaram 241 (32,2%) deles, enquanto as duas edições do Revalida abordaram 468 temas (62,5%). Na análise dos 241 temas abordados pelo Enade, 45 deles foram comuns às duas edições, enquanto, de um total de 468 temas, 247 foram abordados nas duas edições do Revalida. Quando se analisou a repetição de temas em cada edição dos exames, observou-se que cerca de 80,0% dos temas foram considerados apenas uma vez nas duas edições do Enade, em comparação com 50,0% nas edições do Revalida. Conclusão: Os resultados indicam que as edições 2013 e 2016 do Enade apresentam baixa abrangência de conteúdos em comparação com as edições 2015 e 2016 do Revalida, tendo como referência a MCCR. Identificaram-se também concentração da abordagem em grupos específicos de temas e repetição de um pequeno grupo de temas nas edições analisadas do Enade.


Abstract: Introduction: Enade is a cognitive test that evaluates the performance of undergraduate programs through its students. Revalida is a specific exam for graduates from foreign medicine programs. Despite having different functions, the two tests assess the same target audience and can be considered analogous. Objective: The objective was to identify and compare the contents of ENADE and REVALIDA. Methods: a descriptive study that compared the contents of ENADE 2013 and 2016 and REVALIDA 2015 and 2016 with reference to the contents of the REVALIDA Curriculum Correspondence Matrix (RCCM). In the first stage of the study, two doctors, professors of Medicine, independently analyzed the items of the four tests and listed the contents covered in the statements and alternatives. The results were subsequently consolidated. The content analysis of the exams was carried out using frequency distribution of the concentration areas and the themes according to the test and comparison between the areas of concentration and themes that coincided in each test. Results: considering the 46 areas of concentration of the RCCM, 10 areas were not covered in ENADE 2013, six in Enade 2016 and two in Revalida 2015. Revalida 2016 covered all areas. Regarding the 749 specific themes of the RCCM, the two editions of Enade, together, addressed 241 (32.2%) of them, whereas the two editions of Revalida addressed 468 (62.5%) themes. Analysis of the topics covered showed that of the 241 of Enade, 45 were common to both editions, while 247 of a total of 468 were addressed in both editions of Revalida. When considering repetition of the same topic in each edition of each exam, it was found that around 80.0% of the topics were considered only once in the two editions of ENADE compared to 50.0% in the editions of Revalida. Conclusion: the results indicate that ENADE has a lower content validity than Revalida. There was also a concentration in specific groups of themes, and repetition of a small group of themes in the analyzed editions of ENADE, which also reduces the reliability of the exam.


Subject(s)
Humans , Clinical Competence , Curriculum , Education, Medical , Educational Measurement/methods
3.
Rev. bras. educ. méd ; 45(3): e133, 2021. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1279849

ABSTRACT

Resumo: Introdução: Afecções otorrinolaringológicas são destaques entre as enfermidades mais frequentes na atenção primária. Acredita-se que a sobrecarga na atenção secundária seja consequência da baixa resolução dos problemas na atenção primária. Uma possível explicação para esse fato seria a deficiência na capacitação médica durante a graduação. Estima-se que a carga horária média de otorrinolaringologia seja 0,6% da carga horaria média total, após análise de 141 matrizes curriculares, correspondendo a aproximadamente 70,5% do total das escolas médicas em funcionamento em 2013. Nessa área, poucos estudos têm sido realizados em relação ao ensino e à necessidade de reavaliação curricular. Objetivo: O presente estudo tem o intuito de buscar um consenso sobre as competências necessárias ao generalista na especialidade de otorrinolaringologia. Métodos: Criou-se um questionário inicial que abordava as competências otorrinolaringológicas pertinentes à prática clínica dos médicos da atenção primária. Por meio da metodologia Delphi, no formato eletrônico, o questionário foi enviado para 20 especialistas com formações distintas: médicos generalistas, otorrinolaringologistas e médicos de família e comunidade. Essa heterogeneidade entre os especialistas contribuiu para garantir a confiabilidade dos resultados. Os resultados obtidos após cada rodada eram analisados pelos pesquisadores, que observavam as tendências e as opiniões dissonantes, bem como suas justificativas. Ao final da sistematização e compilação dos resultados, um novo questionário era elaborado e reenviado, iniciando uma nova rodada até que o consenso fosse estabelecido em todas competências. Resultados: Realizaram-se cinco rodadas para o estabelecimento do consenso em todas as 17 competências otorrinolaringológicas avaliadas pelas proposições, o possibilitou a definição do nível de competência dos conteúdos e procedimentos otorrinolaringológicos preconizados ao egresso de Medicina. Conclusão: Os dados obtidos neste trabalho podem servir para o embasamento, direcionamento e desenvolvimento do currículo otorrinolaringológico nos cursos de graduação de Medicina, visto que não se encontrou na literatura consenso estabelecendo as competências mínimas otorrinolaringológicas na formação curricular da graduação.


Abstract: Introduction: Otorhinolaryngological disorders are amongst the most prominent frequent diseases in primary care. The overload in secondary care is thought to be a consequence of the low resolution of these problems in primary care. A deficiency in undergraduate medical training may explain this fact. The average estimated time spent studying otorhinolaryngological practice is estimated to be 0.6% of the total average practice hours after analysis of data from 141 medical course syllabuses in Brazil, corresponding to approximately 70.5% of all the medical schools in operation in 2013. Few studies have been conducted in this area and regarding teaching and the need for curriculum reassessment. Objectives: This study seeks to ascertain a consensus on the skills required by the general practitioner in the specialty of otorhinolaryngology. Methods: An initial questionnaire was devised addressing the otorhinolaryngological skills relevant to primary care clinical practice. Using the Delphi method, the questionnaire was sent in electronic format to 20 specialists with training in three different specialties; this heterogeneity of the survey sample helped ensure the reliability of the results. The results obtained after each round were analyzed by one researcher and validated by another, observing any discrepant trends and opinions, as well as their justifications. Once the results had all been compiled and systematized, a new questionnaire was devised and sent out, starting a new round until consensus had been established for all the skills. Results: Five rounds were completed until a consensus was established for all 17 otorhinolaryngological skills evaluated by the propositions. Conclusions: The data obtained by this work can serve as a basis and guideline for developing an otorhinolaryngological curriculum for undergraduate medical training since no consensus was found in the literature establishing such a minimum skill set.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Otolaryngology/education , Delphi Technique , Competency-Based Education , Curriculum
4.
Rev. bras. educ. méd ; 44(1): e001, 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1092500

ABSTRACT

Abstract: Introduction: Medical training is a long and expensive process. Admission processes are highly competitive all over the world but being accepted is no guarantee of academic success. Medical school is demanding and stressful, and some students are not able to cope with this new scenario successfully. It is estimated that 10-15% of medical students experience difficulties in adapting to the course, which can lead to academic failure. The identification of predictive factors of failure supports the creation of mechanisms and strategies to avoid course dropout or graduation delay. To identify predictive factors of academic failure in a Brazilian medical program. Methods: A retrospective observational study was carried out with all medical students admitted to a private Brazilian medical school in 2010 and 2011. The main outcome was academic success. Academic failure was defined as graduation delay or course dropout (Group 1), and academic success was defined as graduating within 6 years (Group 2). Sociodemographic and academic data were collected, including grades obtained at the admission process and the first-semester courses. Freshman students and students with passing grades in the first semester (passed students) were analyzed separately. Descriptive and comparative analyses, logistic regression and ROC curve analysis were performed. The level of significance was 0.05. Results: A total of 312 students were admitted during the study period, but 10 were excluded due to lack of information. Of the 302 students included in the study, 105 were included in Group 1 and 197 were included in Group 2. Thirty-two students failed the first semester. The 270 students with passing grades in the first semester were divided into Group 1 (n=73) and Group 2 (n=197). Among the freshman students, lower admission grades were associated with a higher chance of failure (padjusted=0.012). Of the 270 students with passing grades, low academic performance (courses' mean grades) was associated with graduation delay (padjusted<0.001). Conclusions: Low grades at the admission process (freshman students) and low academic performance in the first semester (students with passing grades) were predictive factors of academic failure.


Resumo: Introdução: a formação do médico é um processo longo e dispendioso. Os processos de seleção são muito competitivos em todo o mundo, mas a aprovação não é garantia de sucesso acadêmico. Os cursos de Medicina são muito exigentes e estressantes, e alguns estudantes não são capazes de lidar adequadamente com esse novo cenário. Estima-se que 10%-15% dos estudantes de Medicina tenham alguma dificuldade em adaptar-se ao curso, o que pode levar ao insucesso acadêmico. A identificação de fatores preditivos de insucesso pode suportar a criação de mecanismos e estratégias para evitar o atraso ou abandono do curso. O objetivo deste estudo é identificar fatores preditivos de insucesso acadêmico em um curso de Medicina no Brasil. Método: estudo observacional retrospectivo foi realizado com todos os estudantes de Medicina que foram admitidos em uma escola médica privada em 2010 e 2011. O desfecho principal foi o sucesso acadêmico. Definiu-se o insucesso acadêmico como atraso na graduação ou abandono do curso (Grupo 1) e o sucesso acadêmico como graduação seis anos após o ingresso no curso (Grupo 2). Coletaram-se dados sociodemográficos e acadêmicos, além das notas no processo de admissão e nas disciplinas do primeiro semestre. Os alunos ingressantes no curso e aqueles aprovados no primeiro semestre (aprovados) foram analisados separadamente. Realizou-se análise descritiva e comparativa, regressão logística e análise de curva ROC. O nível de significância foi de 0,05. Resultados: 312 alunos foram admitidos no período do estudo, mas dez foram excluídos por falta de informação. Dos 302 ingressante, 105 foram incluídos no Grupo 1 e 197 no Grupo 2. Trinta e dois alunos foram reprovados no primeiro semestre. Os 270 alunos aprovados no primeiro semestre foram divididos em Grupo 1 (n = 73) e Grupo 2 (n = 197). Entre os alunos ingressantes, notas baixas no processo de admissão estavam associadas à maior chance de insucesso acadêmico (pajustado = 0,012). Dos 270 alunos aprovados no primeiro semestre, o baixo desempenho acadêmico (média das notas do semestre) estava associado ao insucesso acadêmico (pajustado = 0,001). Conclusões: notas baixas no processo seletivo (alunos ingressantes) e o baixo desempenho acadêmico no primeiro semestre (alunos aprovados no primeiro semestre) foram fatores preditivos de insucesso acadêmico.

5.
Rev. bras. educ. méd ; 44(3): e088, 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1137520

ABSTRACT

Abstract: Introduction: Recent studies have shown the direct effects of emotional intelligence (EI) on medical practice and, more specifically, on establishing and maintaining a good doctor-patient relationship. The aim was to compare the EI levels of students from different years of medical school and to evaluate other factors that affect EI levels. Method: This was a cross-sectional study of medical students attending the 1st, 3rd and 6th years in a private institution in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. A non-probabilistic convenience sample was used. EI levels were evaluated using the Schutte Self-Report EI Test, and demographic and personal data were collected. All volunteers signed the free and informed consent form prior to study inclusion. Statistical analysis used ANOVA, Student's t-test, Pearson correlation and linear regression. A significance level of 0.05 was adopted. Results: Two hundred twenty-five volunteers were recruited between October/2017 and April/2018. Sixteen (7.1%) were excluded due to incomplete questionnaires. The final sample comprised 209 participants (71 from the 1st year, 69 from the 3rd year and 69 from the 6th year). Most were women (66.0%), 95.2% were single, 10.0% had previously graduated and 16.3% reported a previous mental disorder diagnosis. The mean age was 23.2 (±3.9) years. There was no difference in the EI overall score and in the different EI domains scores among the students from the three years. Pearson's test showed a weak positive correlation between age and total score (r=0.172; p=0.013) and perception of emotion (r=0.236; p=0.001). Multiple regression showed a significant positive association between age and the total score (p=0.040), Perception of Emotion (padjusted=0.013) and Managing Others' Emotions (padjusted=0.020). A significant reduction in the total score (padjusted=0.033), in Managing Own Emotions (padjusted<0.001) and in the Managing Others' Emotions (padjusted=0.025) was found for volunteers who reported a previous mental disorder. Conclusion: High levels of EI were observed in the 3 years. No association was observed between different EI scores and the course year. There was a positive correlation between age and total EI score, Perception of Emotions, Managing Own Emotions and Managing Others' Emotions. The presence of a mental disorder was associated with a reduction in the total score and the scores for Managing Own Emotions and Managing Others' Emotions.


Resumo: Introdução: Estudos recentes mostram os efeitos diretos da inteligência emocional (IE) na prática médica e, mais especificamente, no estabelecimento e na manutenção de boa relação médico-paciente. Os objetivos deste estudo foram comparar os níveis de IE entre estudantes de diferentes anos de um curso de Medicina e avaliar fatores que influenciam esses níveis. Método: Trata-se de estudo transversal com estudantes de Medicina do primeiro, terceiro e sexto anos de uma instituição privada em Belo Horizonte, Minas gerais, Brasil. Os níveis de IE foram medidos por meio de teste autoaplicado de inteligência emocional de Schutte. Coletou-se também dados pessoais e demográficos. Todos os voluntários assinaram o Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido antes de sua inclusão no estudo. O teste t de Student, a ANOVA, o teste de correlação de Pearson e a regressão linear foram utilizados na análise estatística. Resultados: Foram recrutados 255 voluntários entre outubro de 2017 e abril de 2018. Dezesseis (7,1%) alunos foram excluídos porque os questionários estavam incompletos. A amostra final foi composta de 209 participantes (71 do primeiro ano, 69 do terceiro ano e 69 do sexto ano). A maioria era do sexo feminino (66,0%), 95,2% eram solteiros, 10,0% tinham graduação prévia e 16,3% relataram diagnóstico prévio de distúrbio mental. A idade média foi de 23,2 (±3,9) anos. Não houve diferença entre os escores total de IE e de seus diferentes domínios entre os 3 anos. O teste de Pearson mostrou correlação positiva fraca entre a idade e o escore total (r = 0,172; p = 0,013) e a "percepção das emoções" (r = 0,236; p = 0,001). A análise multivariada mostrou associação positiva significativa entre a idade e o escore total (pajustado= 0,040), a "percepção das emoções" (pajustado = 0,013) e o "gerenciamento das emoções dos outros" (pajustado= 0,020). Redução significativa do escore total (pajustado = 0,033), do "gerenciamento das próprias emoções" (pajustado < 0,001) e do "gerenciamento das emoções dos outros" (pajustado = 0,025) foi observada entre os voluntários que relataram distúrbio mental prévio. Conclusões: Níveis elevados de IE foram observados nos 3 anos. Houve correlação positiva entre a idade e o escore total, a "percepção das emoções", o "gerenciamento das próprias emoções" e o "gerenciamento das emoções dos outros". A presença de distúrbio mental foi associada à redução do escore total, do "gerenciamento das próprias emoções" e do "gerenciamento das emoções dos outros".

6.
Rev. bras. educ. méd ; 44(3): e089, 2020. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1137525

ABSTRACT

Resumo: Introdução: A empatia envolve a capacidade de identificar e perceber os sentimentos e as experiências pessoais do paciente, assim como a capacidade de ver o mundo da perspectiva de outra pessoa. Em pediatria, existe o desafio de buscar o bom relacionamento com o paciente pediátrico e seus acompanhantes, os quais são peças fundamentais no atendimento e no resultado do tratamento. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar o nível de empatia dos estudantes de Medicina em relação ao paciente pediátrico. Método: Trata-se de estudo transversal, com amostra de conveniência, realizado com estudantes do quarto e sexto anos do curso de Medicina da Universidade José do Rosário Vellano, Campus Alfenas. Os níveis de empatia foram avaliados por meio da Escala de Empatia de Jefferson. Questionário sociodemográfico coletou dados sobre as possíveis variáveis independentes, como sexo, idade, estado civil, doença crônica pessoal ou familiar, distúrbio mental, especialidade pretendida, entre outros. Utilizaram-se o teste de t de Student, o teste exato de Fischer bicaudal e a regressão linear. O nível de significância foi de 0,05. Resultados: No período de fevereiro a abril de 2019, dos 196 estudantes elegíveis para o estudo, 159 concordaram em participar. Desses, 10 (6,2%) foram excluídos por preenchimento incompleto do questionário. A amostra final foi de 149 (76,0%) estudantes, sendo 74 (49,7%) do quarto ano e 75 (50,3%) do sexto ano do curso de Medicina. Não houve diferença entre o escore global de empatia entre o quarto e o sexto ano. O escore global de empatia foi maior no sexo feminino (pajustado = 0,011), assim como o escore do domínio "cuidado compassivo" (pajustado = 0,013). Os voluntários com relato de doença crônica familiar e os que tinham dificuldade de realizar exame físico pediátrico apresentaram escore significativamente mais elevado no domínio "cuidado compassivo" (pajustado = 0,038 e pajustado = 0,037, respectivamente). Conclusões: Os níveis de empatia (escore global e diferentes domínios) observados neste estudo foram elevados, com exceção do domínio "capacidade de se colocar no lugar do outro". Não se observou relação entre escore global de empatia e seus diferentes domínios e o ano do curso médico.


Abstract: Introduction: Empathy involves the ability to identify and perceive a patient's personal feelings and experiences, as well as the ability to see the world from another person's perspective. In Pediatrics, there is the challenge of looking for a good relationship with the patient and their caregivers, who play a key role in both the care and the result of the treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of empathy of medical students related to pediatric patients. Methods: Cross-sectional study, with a convenience sample, conducted with 4th and 6th-year medicine students at Universidade José do Rosário Vellano, Campus Alfenas. Levels of empathy were assessed using the Jefferson Scale of Empathy. A sociodemographic questionnaire collected data on possible independent variables such as gender, age, marital status, chronic individual and familial diseases, mental disorders and intended medical specialty. Student's T test, two-tailed Fischer exact test and linear regression were used in statistical analysis. The level of significance was 0.05. Results: From February to April 2019, 159 students, from a total of 196 eligible candidates, agreed to participate in the study. Of these, 10 were excluded due to incomplete questionnaires. The final sample was composed of 149 (76.0%) students, 74 (49.7%) from the 4th-year and 75 (50.3%) from the 6th-year. There was no difference between the overall empathy score between the 4th and 6th-year students. The overall empathy score was higher in females (padjusted=0.011), as was the Compassionate Care domain score (padjusted=0.013). Volunteers reporting chronic familial disease and those who had difficulty performing a pediatric physical examination reported a significantly higher score in the Compassionate Care domain (padjusted=0.038 and padjusted=0.037, respectively). Conclusion: The global empathy score and its different domains were high, except for the Ability to Stand in the Patient's Shoes domain. No relationship was found between empathy and its different domains and the year of undergraduate medical training.

7.
Rev. bras. educ. méd ; 42(4): 109-114, out.-dez. 2018. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-977543

ABSTRACT

RESUMO INTRODUÇÃO Estudos recentes demonstram que a inteligência emocional (IE) pode melhorar a educação médica e a prática profissional. Não existem instrumentos de avaliação da IE validados para o português (Brasil). OBJETIVO Realizar tradução e adaptação transcultural do Schutte Self Report Emotional Intelligence Test (SSEIT) do inglês para o português. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS A tradução e adaptação transcultural foi realizada em seis etapas: tradução, síntese, tradução reversa, revisão por comitê, pré-teste e confecção da versão final. As traduções do inglês para o português foram realizadas por um psicólogo e um professor de inglês brasileiros e fluentes em inglês. A retrotradução foi realizada por duas pessoas nativas de língua inglesa que não conheciam o questionário original. O Comitê de Revisão foi formado pelos autores do estudo. A versão final foi submetida ao teste de Cronbach alfa (Ca) para avaliação da consistência e confiabilidade interna. Foram considerados aceitáveis valores ≥ 0,70. O pré-teste foi realizado em estudantes de Medicina e médicos residentes, que, além de responderem ao questionário, reescreveram as perguntas em suas próprias palavras. RESULTADOS A versão traduzida do SSEIT para o português apresentou 100% de equivalência semântica e idiomática. A comparação das versões retrotraduzidas com o questionário original em inglês apresentou discrepâncias semânticas discretas em quatro questões, que tiveram seus textos ajustados. A versão pré-teste foi aplicada em 41 voluntários, após assinatura do Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido. Sete questionários foram eliminados por preenchimento incompleto. A análise da transcrição mostrou pequenas discrepâncias nas mesmas questões da retrotradução, que foram novamente ajustadas. O OCa foi de 0,786 para o questionário completo e variou de 0,763 a 0,798 entre as questões. CONCLUSÃO O SSEIT foi traduzido e adaptado para o português com sucesso e apresentou consistência e validade internas aceitáveis de acordo com o teste de Cronbach alfa.


ABSTRACT BACKGROUND Recent studies showed that emotional intelligence (EI) could improve medical education and professional practice. There were no instruments validated for Brazilian Portuguese to evaluate EI level. OBJECTIVE To translate and cross-culturally adapt the Schutte Self Report Emotional Intelligence Test (SSEIT) for Brazilian Portuguese. METHODS The translation and cross-cultural adaptation was performed in six steps: translation, synthesis, back translation, expert committee review, pretesting and elaboration of the final version. A Brazilian psychologist and an English Teacher, both fluent in English, performed the translations from English to Portuguese. Two native English speakers who were not familiar with the questionnaire performed the back translations. The authors composed the expert committee review. The internal consistency and reliability of the final version was tested by Cronbach's alpha (Ca). Values of ≥ 0.70 were considered acceptable. The pretesting was done with medical students and resident doctors, who answered the test and rewrote the sentences in their own words. RESULTS The Portuguese SSEIT translated version had 100% semantic and idiomatic equivalence. The comparison between the back translated versions and the original showed slight semantic discrepancies in four questions, therefore the texts were adjusted. The pretesting version was applied to 41 volunteers, after signing an Informed Consent Form. Seven questionnaires were eliminated as they were not filled out properly. Analyses of the rewritten sentences showed slight discrepancies in the same four questions of the back translations, and were again adjusted. The Ca was 0.786 for the whole questionnaire and ranged from 0.763 to 0.798 between the questions. CONCLUSION The translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the SSEIT for Brazilian Portuguese was a success, and showed acceptable internal consistency and reliability according to Cronbach's alpha test.

8.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 111(8): 512-516, Aug. 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-789001

ABSTRACT

Although intralesional meglumine antimoniate (MA) infiltration is considered an option for cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) therapy and is widely used in the Old World, there have been few studies supporting this therapeutic approach in the Americas. This study aims to describe outcomes and adverse events associated with intralesional therapy for CL. This retrospective study reviewed the experience of a Brazilian leishmaniasis reference centre using intralesional MA to treat 31 patients over five years (2008 and 2013). The median age was 63 years (22-86) and the median duration time of the lesions up to treatment was 16 weeks. In 22 patients (71%), intralesional therapy was indicated due to the presence of contraindications or previous serious adverse events with systemic MA. Other indications were failure of systemic therapy or ease of administration. Intralesional treatment consisted of one-six infiltrations (median three) for a period of up to 12 weeks. The initial (three months) and definitive (six months) cure rates were 70.9% and 67.7%, respectively. Most patients reported mild discomfort during infiltration and no serious adverse events were observed. In conclusion, these results show that the intralesional MA efficacy rate was very similar to that of systemic MA treatment, and reinforce the need for further studies with adequate design to establish the efficacy and safety of this therapeutic approach.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Young Adult , Antiprotozoal Agents/administration & dosage , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/drug therapy , Meglumine/administration & dosage , Organometallic Compounds/administration & dosage , Antiprotozoal Agents/adverse effects , Injections, Intralesional , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/pathology , Meglumine/adverse effects , Organometallic Compounds/adverse effects , Retrospective Studies , Treatment Outcome
9.
Rev. bras. educ. méd ; 39(2): 233-239, Apr-Jun/2015. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-755152

ABSTRACT

Diante do desafio de formar médicos para o século XXI, em que se pretende uma abordagem integral da pessoa, incluindo seus sentimentos e o contexto que a cerca, este trabalho teve como objetivo validar, para a realidade de uma cidade brasileira, um modelo de registro de atendimento clínico centrado na pessoa, com base numa proposta reconhecida internacionalmente. O documento resultante representa um instrumento que poderá facilitar o aprendizado e a adesão do estudante de Medicina ao método clínico centrado na pessoa, por se tratar de uma sistematização do roteiro para o registro da consulta médica, guiando a entrevista no formato centrado na pessoa. Os autores acreditam que a utilização deste roteiro de registro contribuirá de forma relevante para que os estudantes de Medicina, iniciantes no ofício e mais dependentes de guias de registro, desenvolvam de forma plena, em cenários simulados e reais, as habilidades necessárias ao atendimento clínico centrado na pessoa.


Given the challenge of preparing doctors for the 21st century, striving for a comprehensive approach to the patient, her feelings, background and situation, the aim of this study was to validate a patient-centered care recording model, in view of the reality of a Brazilian city. Following a literature review, Donnelly’s model was selected and the validation was performed according to Malhotra’s method. The resulting recording model represents an instrument that intends to contribute toward improving health care in Brazil and, therefore, enhancing the clinical outcome of the person under care. This could help the learning process and students’ adherence to the patient-centered clinical method due to the documents which clarify and organize the framework for registering the medical appointment and guide the interview towards a patient-centered format. Since medical students and beginner physicians usually depend on recording guides, the authors believe that the use of this recording guide will contribute greatly to the full development of new professionals and their essential skills in patient-centered medical care.

10.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 47(6): 756-762, Nov-Dec/2014. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-732985

ABSTRACT

Introduction Parenteral antimony-based compounds are still the standard of care for cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) treatment in many countries, despite their high toxicity. Previous studies showed that oral azithromycin could be an option for CL treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate efficacy and safety of oral azithromycin (AZ) for CL treatment compared with injectable meglumine antimoniate (MA). Methods This was a randomized, open-label, 2-arm, non-inferiority clinical trial. Treatment-naïve patients with localized CL were treated with MA (15mg/kg/day up to 1,215mg) or AZ (500mg/day) during 20 consecutive days. The primary efficacy end point was a CL cure 90 days after treatment completion. The analysis was performed with intention-to-treat (ITT) and per protocol (PP) analyses. After an anticipated interim analysis, the study was interrupted due to the high failure rate in the azithromycin group. Results Twenty-four volunteers were included in each group. The MA group had a higher cure rate than the AZ group with the ITT and PP analyses, which were 54.2% versus 20.8% [relative risk (RR) 1.97; 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) 1.13-3.42] and 72.2% versus 23.8% (RR 3.03; 95%CI 1.34-6.87), respectively. No unexpected adverse events were observed. Conclusions ...


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Anti-Bacterial Agents/administration & dosage , Antiprotozoal Agents/administration & dosage , Azithromycin/administration & dosage , Early Termination of Clinical Trials , Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous/drug therapy , Meglumine/administration & dosage , Organometallic Compounds/administration & dosage , Administration, Oral , Brazil , Time Factors , Treatment Failure
11.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 46(1): 55-59, Jan.-Feb. 2013. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-666795

ABSTRACT

INTRODUTION: A major concern with the visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is its high lethality rate, even with proper treatment. Low age, prior malnutrition, disease duration prior to diagnosis, severe anemia, fever for more than 60 days, diarrhea and jaundice are known poor prognostic factors. The goals of this study are to describe the clinical and laboratory characteristics of VL among children under 12 years of age and to identify the factors associated with VL poor outcome. METHODS: Two hundred and fifty children under 12 years of age with confirmed VL admitted to Hospital João Paulo II (FHEMIG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil, between January 2001 and December 2005 were evaluated retrospectively. The primary outcome was the poor clinical evolution: sepsis, and/or pneumonia, and/or urinary tract infection, and/or of bleeding (expect epistaxis), and/or severe neutropenia (neutrophil < 500 cells/mm³). Odds ratio (crude and adjusted) and its 95% confidence interval for each variable were calculated. Values less than 0.05 were considered significant. RESULTS: Average age was 3.3 years (3.6 months-11.6 years), 71.2% were younger than 5 years and 47.2% lived in Metropolitan Area of Belo Horizonte. The mean fatality rate was 3.6%. Sixty-six (26.4%) patients presented poor evolution. After a multivariate analysis, age <18 months, abnormal respiratory physical examination on hospital admission, and platelets <85,000/mm³ remained associated with increased chance of poor evolution. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that patients aged between 12 and 18 months, with platelet counts bellow 85,000/mm³, and respiratory abnormalities at admission should be considered potentially severe.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/mortality , Brazil/epidemiology , Leishmaniasis, Visceral/complications , Prognosis , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Severity of Illness Index , Socioeconomic Factors
12.
J. bras. pneumol ; 35(5): 470-479, maio 2009. graf, tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-517080

ABSTRACT

Este estudo teve como objetivo fazer uma revisão da literatura a respeito da infecção pelo vírus influenza A subtipo H5N1, levando em conta a possibilidade de as crianças serem um dos grupos etários mais acometidos caso ocorra uma pandemia. A revisão bibliográfica foi realizada nos seguintes bancos de dados, restrita aos últimos 10 anos: Medline, MD Consult, HighWire e Medscape. As crianças e os adultos jovens representam uma fração importante da população susceptível. Mais da metade dos indivíduos infectados apresentavam menos de 20 anos de idade, e um quarto era menor do que 10 anos. O período de incubação variou de 2 a 5 dias. As manifestações clínicas iniciais são não específicas, o que dificulta o diagnóstico. A maioria dos casos apresentou um quadro de pneumonia grave, que evoluiu para insuficiência respiratória em 4 dias em média. A radiografia de tórax pode mostrar infiltrado intersticial difuso ou multifocal ou consolidação lobar ou segmentar com broncograma aéreo. A infecção tem alta patogenicidade, com 63% de letalidade, o que indica que o vírus pandêmico também pode apresentar alta patogenicidade com mortalidade elevada. O conhecimento sobre os riscos da pandemia e sobre as medidas que podem ser tomadas em casos suspeitos é um importante passo para o controle de uma possível pandemia.


This study aimed to review the literature on infection with the H5N1 subtype of avian influenza A virus, taking into consideration the fact that, in the event of a pandemic, children might become a major risk group. Searches were limited to the past ten years and were carried out using the following electronic databases: Medline, MD Consult, HighWire and Medscape. Children and young adults account for a significant proportion of the susceptible population. We found that more than half of the individuals infected were under 20 years of age and that one quarter was under the age of 10. The incubation period ranged from 2 to 5 days. Initial clinical manifestations are nonspecific, which hinders the diagnosis. Most of the infected individuals presented severe pneumonia, which evolved to respiratory insufficiency within an average of 4 days. Chest X-rays can reveal diffuse multifocal/ interstitial infiltrates or segmental/lobar consolidation with air bronchogram. The pathogenic potential is high, with mortality rates up to 63%, indicating that the pandemic virus might present high pathogenicity and high mortality. Knowledge of the risk of a pandemic and of the measures to be taken in suspect cases constitutes an important step toward controlling a potential pandemic.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Child , Humans , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Disease Outbreaks/prevention & control , /pathogenicity , Influenza, Human/virology , Influenza, Human/diagnosis , Influenza, Human/prevention & control , Influenza, Human/therapy , Risk Factors , Young Adult
13.
Rev. méd. Minas Gerais ; 18(2): 123-131, abr.- jun. 2008. ilus, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-510394

ABSTRACT

A necessidade de reforma da educação médica foi apontada, pela primeira vez, porFlexner (1910), nos Estados Unidos, e por Osler (1913), no Reino Unido. A implantaçãoda aprendizagem baseada em problemas (PBL) a partir da Universidade de McMaster,em 1969, foi uma das principais inovações da educação médica nos últimos 30 anos.O objetivo deste trabalho é rever a dinâmica de funcionamento do PBL e avaliar osprincipais resultados observados com a implantação desta estratégia educacional emcursos médicos. O PBL foi desenvolvido a partir do melhor conhecimento do modo deaprendizado do adulto e da compreensão do funcionamento da memória humana etem quatro propósitos básicos: a) a motivação para o aprendizado; b) o desenvolvimentodo raciocínio clínico; c) a estruturação do conhecimento em contexto clínico; e d) o desenvolvimento de habilidades de auto-aprendizado. Os grupos tutoriais, formados por sete a 10 alunos, são a estratégia central do PBL. Neles são analisados problemas estruturados a partir do currículo, que visam a permitir a discussão contextualizada dos tópicos, favorecendo a recuperação do conhecimento prévio e a aquisição de novos conhecimentos. Além disso, os grupos tutoriais favorecem o desenvolvimento de outras habilidades, como comunicação, trabalho em equipe, solução de problemas e desenvolvimento de postura crítica. A comparação entre o método de ensino tradicionale o PBL apresenta dificuldades metodológicas. Existem poucos estudos randomizados que comparam os dois métodos simultaneamente. A maioria dos trabalhos faz comparações históricas entre turmas da mesma instituição nas provas de qualificação dos Estados Unidos (NBME ou USMLE) e Canadá (MCC). Pode-se concluir que o PBL éum método adequado às necessidades atuais do ensino médico.


The need for the medical education reform was first suggested by Flexner (1910), in the United States, and by Osler (1913), in the United Kingdom. The implantation of problems based learning (PBL) in the McMaster University (Universidade McMaster), in 1969, was one of the main innovations in medical education in the last 30 years...


Subject(s)
Humans , Problem-Based Learning/trends , Education, Medical , Curriculum
14.
Braz. j. infect. dis ; 9(5): 374-383, Oct. 2005. mapas, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-419646

ABSTRACT

Hepatitis B and C constitute important public health problems worldwide. In Brazil, studies on prevalence of viral hepatitis have local and regional characteristics; consequently it is difficult to define the national epidemiological situation. Our objective was to evaluate the seroprevalence of hepatitis B and C in conscripts of the Brazilian Army. A transversal study among males aged 17 to 22 years was conducted nationwide. After informed consent, each volunteer filled in a social-behavioral questionnaire and had blood drawn to test for HBsAg and anti-HCV. A total of 7,372 volunteers were evaluated in the second half of 2002. The prevalence of HBsAg was 2.6 percent (95 percent confidence interval: 2.2, 3.0) and that of anti-HCV was 1.5 percent (95 percent confidence interval: 1.2, 1.8). A wide variation among macro regions and states in the same region was observed for both markers. In conclusion, although this population theoretically had a low risk for HBV and HCV infection, these results are higher than expected for this age range. These findings may indicate a change in the pattern of HBV and HCV transmission in Brazil. Due to the different dynamics of these epidemics, further studies are warranted to confirm these apparent trends.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Humans , Male , Endemic Diseases , Hepatitis B Surface Antigens/blood , Hepatitis B/epidemiology , Hepatitis C Antibodies/blood , Hepatitis C/epidemiology , Biomarkers/blood , Brazil/epidemiology , Comorbidity , Epidemiologic Methods , Hepatitis B/blood , Hepatitis C/blood , Socioeconomic Factors
15.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 100(4): 365-370, July 2005. mapas, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-405990

ABSTRACT

Passive surveillance of infectious diseases with a high percentage of asymptomatic cases or long incubation periods, such as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), does not reflect the current transmission dynamics. Thus, a multi-strategic surveillance, such as the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) sentinel surveillance proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO), is necessary. The Brazilian HIV sentinel surveillance was started in May 1992 with this purpose. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the feasibility and costs of HIV and hepatitis C virus (HCV) surveillance using dried blood spots (DBS) collected for neonatal screening of metabolic diseases in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. This was accomplished through the comparison of HIV and HCV seroprevalence with previous Brazilian studies. From December 2001 to June 2002, 24,905 newborns were tested for HIV and 4211 for HCV. HIV seroprevalence was 0.25 percent and the 95 percent confidence interval (CI) was 0.18, 0.31 percent; and HCV seroprevalence was 0.71 percent and the 95 percent CI was 0.46, 0.97 percent. These numbers are similar to previous Brazilian studies. Cost in this study was approximately US$ 3.10 per sample, which was roughly one third of the cost of the same exam at the Brazilian HIV sentinel surveillance. We conclude that it is possible and more cost-effective to use DBS for infectious diseases surveillance, albeit it is still necessary to compare these results with the usual sentinel methodology in a concomitant trial.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Blood Specimen Collection/methods , Health Care Costs , HIV Infections/diagnosis , Hepatitis C/diagnosis , Neonatal Screening/methods , Sentinel Surveillance , Brazil/epidemiology , Feasibility Studies , HIV Infections/epidemiology , Hepatitis C/epidemiology , Neonatal Screening/economics , Risk Factors , Seroepidemiologic Studies
17.
Rev. méd. Minas Gerais ; 12(3): 142-150, jul.-set. 2002.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-583624

ABSTRACT

As infecções são complicações muito frequentes em usuários de drogas, constituindo a principal causa de internação e de óbito nessa população. O funcionamento do sistema imunológico em pacientes usuários de drogas não é bem conhecido. Apesar de alguns estudos in vitro demonstrarem uma possível imunodeficiência celular relacionada ao uso de drogas, a importância clínica desse fato não está bem estabelecida. A maioria dos autores acredita que a maior incidência de infecções está relacionada à exposição mais frequente a agentes infecciosos, seja pela falta de assepsia no momento da injeção, seja pela exposição ambiental aumentada. O diagnóstico é complexo e exige avaliação detalhada e acompanhamento cuidadoso. Lesões causadas diretamente pelas drogas ou por contaminantes e a possibilidade de infecção pelo HIV ou peio HTVL-II ampliam as possibilidades de diagnóstico diferencial. Nesse contexto, as infecções da pele e a endocardite infecciosa são as complicações mais frequentes, sendo o Staphylococcus aureus, na maioria das vezes proveniente da flora própria do paciente, o agente etiológico mais comum. A presença de bactérias multirresistentes não é comum e geralmente está relacionada à hospitalização prévia ou ao uso recente de antibióticos. A falta de adesão ao tratamento é um dos maiores problemas a serem enfrentados, principalmente quando existe a necessidade de tratamento hospitalar. As complicações infecciosas em usuários de drogas são potencialmente graves e fatais, merecendo maior atenção dos profissionais de saúde envolvidos na atenção aos pacientes, buscando seu diagnóstico e tratamento precoce.


Infections are a very common complication among drug users. They are the main cause of hospitalization and death in this population. The immunological function in drug users is not very well known. Some studies showed, in vitro, a possible immunological cellular dysfunction related to some drugs, but the clinical implication of this is not well established. Many authors believe that the increase of infections incidence is related to a greater exposure to infectious agents. Infection diagnosis is complex and a careful follow-up is needed. Direct tissue lesion by drugs or by contaminants and a possible HIV or HTVL-II infection increase diagnosis possibilities. Skin infections and infectious endocarditis are the most common diseases. Staphylococcus aureus is the most frequent agent, and in the majority of cases it is from the patient's own flora. Multiresistant bacteria are not common and are related to previous hospitalization or recent antibiotic use. Adherence lack is the main cause of treatment failure, mainly in hospital treatments. Infectious complications among drug users are a life-threating situation, and health care workers should be alert to do early diagnosis and treatment.


Subject(s)
Humans , Substance-Related Disorders/complications , Diagnosis, Differential , Hepatitis, Viral, Human , Eye Infections , Soft Tissue Infections , HIV Infections
18.
Braz. j. infect. dis ; 5(3): 154-157, Jun. 2001.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-301199

ABSTRACT

This is a case report of a 29 year old male with pneumocystis pneumonia and tuberculosis, and who was initially suspected of having HIV infection, based on risk factor analyses, but was subsequently shown to be HIV negative. The patient arrived at the hospital with fever, cough, weight loss, loss of appetite, pallor, and arthralgia. In addition, he was jaundiced and had cervical lymphadenopathy and mild heptosplenomegaly. He had interstitial infiltrates of the lung, sputum smears positive for Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Pneumocytis carinii, and stool test were positive for Strongyloides stercoralis and Schistosoma mansoni. He was diagnosed as having AIDS, and was treated for tuberculosis, pneumocystosis, and strongyloidiasis with a good response. The patient did not receive anti-retroviral therapy, pending outcome of the HIV tests. A month later, he was re-examined and found to have worsening hepatosplenomegaly, pancytopenia, fever, and continued weight loss. At this time, it was determined that his HIV ELISA antibody tests were negative. A bone marrow aspirate wasdone and revealed amastigotes of leishmanis, and a bone marrow culture was positive for Leishmanis species. He was treated with pentavalent antimony, 20 mg daily for 20 days, with complete remission of symptoms and weight gain. This case demonstrates that immunosupression from leishmaniosis and tuberculosis may lead to pneumocystosis, and be misdiagnosed as HIV infection. The occurrence of opportunistic infections in severely ill patients without HIV must always be considered and alternate causes of immunosupression sought.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Antimony Sodium Gluconate/administration & dosage , Antimony Sodium Gluconate/therapeutic use , Opportunistic Infections/complications , HIV Infections/diagnosis , Leishmania , Leishmaniasis, Visceral , Pneumonia, Pneumocystis , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary , Diagnostic Errors , HIV Seronegativity
19.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 95(4): 437-43, July-Aug. 2000. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-264222

ABSTRACT

The objective of this study was to identify tuberculosis risk factors and possible surrogate markers among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons. A retrospective case-control study was carried out at the HIV outpatient clinic of the Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais in Belo Horizonte. We reviewed the demographic, social-economical and medical data of 477 HIV-infected individuals evaluated from 1985 to 1996. The variables were submitted to an univariate and stratified analysis. Aids related complex (ARC), past history of pneumonia, past history of hospitalization, CD4 count and no antiretroviral use were identified as possible effect modifiers and confounding variables, and were submitted to logistic regression analysis by the stepwise method. ARC had an odds ratio (OR) of 3.5 (CI 95 per cent - 1.2-10.8) for tuberculosis development. Past history of pneumonia (OR 1.7 - CI 95 0.6-5.2) and the CD4 count (OR 0.4 - CI 0.2-1.2) had no statistical significance. These results show that ARC is an important clinical surrogate for tuberculosis in HIV-infected patients. Despite the need of confirmation in future studies, these results suggest that the ideal moment for tuberculosis chemoprophylaxis could be previous to the introduction of antiretroviral treatment or even just after the diagnosis of HIV infection.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , AIDS-Related Complex/epidemiology , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/epidemiology , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/epidemiology , AIDS-Related Complex/diagnosis , Bias , Biomarkers , Brazil/epidemiology , Case-Control Studies , Confidence Intervals , HIV Infections/complications , Hospitalization , Odds Ratio , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/etiology , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/prevention & control
20.
Rev. méd. Minas Gerais ; 10(2): 82-86, abr.-jun. 2000. tab, ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-613709

ABSTRACT

A co-infecção tuberculose-HIV altera a história natural das duas doenças. O aumento da replicação do HIV secundário à infecção pelo Mycobacterium tuberculosis agrava a imunodeficência, o que, por sua vez, toma a tuberculose mais agressiva e de difícil diagnóstico. Com o aumento da epidemia do HIV, a sobreposição das duas doenças deve se tomar cada vez mais freqüente. Os quadros clínicos atípicos dificultam o diagnóstico, e o tratamento de prova pode ser usado como auxilio ao diagnóstico em situações que ponham em risco a vida do paciente. As peculiaridades no diagnóstico da tuberculose associada à infecção pelo HIV e os exames laboratoriais disponíveis são discutidos em detalhes neste artigo, tendo em vista que a precocidade do diagnóstico é decisiva na sobrevida do paciente.


The co-infection tuberculosis-HIV modifies the natural history of both diseases. The HIV replication increase due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection worsens immunodeficiency, which turns tuberculosis more aggressive and hard to diagnosis. The spread of HIV epidemics is increasing these diseases overlap, whit an increase of co-infection cases. Atypical clinical presentation impairs the diagnosis and the treatment could be used as a diagnostic tool in life-threatened cases. The peculiarities of tuberculosis diagnosis and laboratory tests available are discussed in details, once the early diagnosis is very important to patient survival.


Subject(s)
Humans , HIV Infections/complications , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/complications , Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/diagnosis , Diagnosis, Differential , AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections
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